![]() It is less clear whether bupropion is superior to NRT or vice versa, although it is well established that both perform well in relation to placebo. Of these three treatments, varenicline consistently demonstrates superiority with respect to quit rate based on results from clinical trials, although alternative treatments not currently available in the UK, e.g. Varenicline (proprietary name in UK - Champix) and bupropion (proprietary name in UK - Zyban) are also available, although the last of these is rarely used in light of concerns over side-effects. Smoking services provide access to advice over a number of sessions with a qualified adviser and tailored pharmacotherapy in the form of Nicotine Replacement Therapy, or NRT, which is offered for this purpose. Similar services exist in other countries. In the United Kingdom, support is offered to those wishing to quit through the provision of smoking cessation services which operate according to guidelines laid out by the National Centre for Smoking Cessation Treatment (NCSCT) based on the latest available evidence on effective cessation strategies. As well as being beneficial to public health, reducing the prevalence of smoking relieves pressure on health services as a result of the consequent drop in smoking related admissions and achieving further reduction remains a priority for healthcare providers around the world. Bans on smoking in public places, coupled with increasing awareness of the adverse effects on health have helped to reduce the number of smokers in many countries. In particular, smoking is linked to lung and other cancers as well as heart disease, stroke and a range of pulmonary conditions. ![]() Smoking is a major cause of preventable death and poor health in countries across the world. These figures throw light on service expenditure for each successful quit over the timeframe for which the service is offered in addition to highlighting variability in these costs across different subgroups of the user population. The treatment parameters translated to a projected increase of 1.5 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) per 1000 smokers in the short-term and 23.4 QALYS per 1000 smokers based on a lifetime horizon. Differences were also seen in relation to other subgroups considered. Parameters derived from the calculation in relation to treatment were used to estimate potential long-term population outcomes under a scenario where the Quit 51 prescription was rolled out nationally. Confidence intervals (CIs) for the mean estimates were derived using a non-parametric bootstrap procedure. Cost per quit (CPQ), with 95% confidence interval (CI), was calculated by relating total expenditure to the number of quitters, firstly for the whole dataset and then by subgroups of key categorical variables, namely gender, age group, the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) and Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). The total costs compared against self-reported quit at 12 weeks, which represents the time period for which the service is offered. For each user, costs were estimated in relation to: (i) time spent with advisers (ii) prescription of pharmacotherapy. Methodsĭata were analysed from Quit-51 smoking cessation service across five English regions between March 2013 and March 2016 ( n = 9116). Using routinely collected observational data, this study examined the costs involved in providing a service in terms of average health care expenditure per successful quit attempt in addition to population – level cost-effectiveness measures. Published studies to date have looked at the cost and benefit of service provision but typically focus on clinical trial data. Smoking cessation services provide support to smokers who desire to quit.
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